MUSULINCI DA FALSAFAR KYAU
Aliyu Dahiru Aliyu
A Falsafa idan ana maganar kyau (aesthetics) ba ana magana akan iya kyan da zaka gani da ido bane. Ana magana akan duk wani abu da jinsa ko ganinsa zai sanya kaji dadi a ranka. Tare da cewa da larabci ana kiran ilimin kyau a falsafa (Aesthetics) da “ilmul Jamal” amma masana tarjama sun bayyana cewa mafi kyawun fassarar da ya dace a kira ilimin da shi shi ne “Dayyibat”.
Kalmar “Dayyibat” ta hade duk wani abu da idan ka gani ko kaji zai dadada maka rai. Ta hada da “jamal”, “husn”, “ziyna” da sauran kalmomi makamanta haka. Tun asali kalmar “aesthetics” tana da asali daga kalmar Greeks dake nufin “sensuous” wato abin ji ta hanyoyin ji (kamar ido, kunne, fata, harshe da hanci) da zai kai sako gun kwakwalwarka don ka samu wani yanayi a jikinka.
Wani abu da Allah ya bayar da misali a cikin kyawawan abubuwa (dayyibat) shi ne mace a lokacin da yake maganar yin aure (fankihu ma daba lakum minan nisa’i). Mace gaba dayanta kyakkyawa ce kuma kayan ado ce. Daga muryarta zuwa siffarta har zuwa motsin jikinta. Kallon mace kawai a gurin namiji yana sanya dadin rai. Wannan yana daga dalilin da yasa Allah ya lissafa kayan kawa na duniya sai ya saka mata da gwala-gwalai a ciki (Zuyyina linnas...). Sai dai yana da kyau a gane cewa kyau a idon mai ganinsa yake (subjective) don haka Allah yace abin da ya dadada muku (ma daba lakum). Ta iya yiwuwa kana ganin komai na matarka ko budurwarka kyakkyawa ne amma wani shi ba ya gani.
Daga abubuwan da Abu Hamidil Gazzhali ya sanya a cikin kyawawan abubuwa a mashahurin littafinsa na “Ihya’u Ulumudden” akwai jin sauti mai dadi da ya kira “samaa” a yaren sufanci. A gurin sufaye kowane kyau da kake gani to tajallin Ubangiji ne a cikinsa (Tajalliyat Jamalillah) don haka sauraron duk wani abu mai dadi kan iya sanya tunanin Allah da ambatonsa. Wannan ta sanya a darikar Maulawiyya ta Jalaludden Rumi jin sauti mai dadi na daga hanyoyin da yake sanya “whirling dervish” suke shiga “jazba”. A gurin sufaye, ma’anar hadisin cewa Allah kyakkyawane kuma yana son abu kyakkyawa (Innallah Jamilun) ya wuce ganin ido kawai, ya hada da duk wani abu da zai sanya jin dadin rai musamman idan muka hada da hadisin da yake cewa “Innalaha ta’ala dayyibun”. Kalmar “dayyib” tana nufin duk abin da zai sanya jin dadi a rai.
A gurin Plato da sauran tsofaffin masana falsafar da aka yi a zamanin Greeks, kyau ya hada da duk wani abu da kake yi kuma kake jin dadinsa. Lokacin da kake lissafin “geometry” kuma samo amsar dogon bayanin “calculus” ya sanya jin dadi a ranka to hakan ya mayar da “Mathematics” a cikin kyawawan abubuwa. Haka mai binciken Kimiyya da sauransu. Don haka irin su Ibn Sina, Alkindy da Ibn Rushd suke ganin hatta falsafar da suke yi tana daga cikin ibadar Allah domin tana daga cikin tajallin kyawun Ubangiji na abin da suke ganowa na tsarin tafiyar halittunsa ta hanyar izina (contemplation). Shi kam Gazzhali da sauran malamansa kamar Baqillany da Imamul Haramain suna ganin duba sararin subhana (cosmos) don gano yadda za’a dabbaka hujjar “Argument from Design” na samuwar Ubangiji ta fuskar “Ilmul Kalam” shi ma hanyar ibada ne da jin dadi.
Kyau bai tsaya iya nan ba domin akwai maganar zane-zane (fine art) da wakokin zube (poetry) da kuma gone-gine (architecture) kai har da ado na gumaka (statue). A cikin Alqur’ani Allah ya bamu labarin cewa a gidan Annabi Sulaiman (as) akwai gumakan ado wanda ba bauta musu ake ba. A cikin abin da Zahabi a littafinsa na “Tarikhul Islam” daga gurin Azrakiy a littafinsa na “Tarikhu Makka” har a Ka’aba akwai zane-zanen (gumaka, a wata riwayar) da Annabi (saw) bai ce a rushesu ba saboda ba bauta musu za’a yi ba. Zanen Annabi Isa da mahaifiyarsa yana ka’aba har sai bayan da Yazid bn Mu’awiya ya harbowa Abdullah bn Zubair majaujawa ya rushe ka’abar sannan ba’a mayar da su ba daga baya.
Musulinci bai haramta duk wani abu kyakkyawa ba. Sai dai ana iya killace iya ina za’a iya amfani da shi. Misali, kyawun mace ba zai sanya wanda ba mijinta ba ya dinga zuwa ganinta yana jin dadi. Dadin kida (music) bai halatta cewa mutum ya dinga jin wakokin batsa ba. Dadin ganin zane-zane ko gunkin ado (statue) bai halatta mutum ya koma bautar zanen ko “statue” din ba. Masu haramta dadadan abubuwa da masu guluwwi wajen amfani dasu duk sun yi kuskure. Abin da ake dubawa shi ne tsaka-tsaki a kowane lokaci.
Allah ne mafi sani.
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